2. Live in 30 minutes

2. Live in 30 minutes – you now have a website

This chapter covers:

  • Understanding the Hugo command line

  • Setting up a new website in Hugo with themes and content.

  • Outlining the structure of a Hugo based website

  • Setting up a automatic deployment pipeline with Hugo

  • Measuring performance and analyzing maintainability of a website.

Hugo is extremely easy to get started. It does not have any major dependencies and does not require a beefy hardware to execute. It is fast and can be used on old hardware and the basic versions of cloud based virtual machines.

In this chapter we will be creating a basic website for a company named Acme Corporation(from the Acme Story in Chapter 1). Acme corporation is a leading manufacturer of shapes like lines, circles, squares and triangle in digital form in the planet. We will be using an existing Hugo theme and start with understanding how to add content to a Hugo website.

The website we will start in this chapter, will be enhanced throughout the book. In this chapter we will be creating the basic structure of the website, select a theme for it, add some pages and customize the home page with our own HTML/CSS.

The information to get up and running with Hugo is available in the appendix. You do not need to install Go to get Hugo. It is available in all major platforms. This book needs the extended version of Hugo with minimum version v0.62.1.Get Hugo in Actionbuy ebook for $39.99 $27.99

2.1 Your first Hugo website

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hugo new site acme-corporation --format yaml

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2.1.1 The Hugo command line

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  2. Pcfcd Rgkot vtc ooltapni etraaesmrp rryz fomdiy rpx kgr esutrl vl rgo ocdammn kbry sns sxro trhuref tnmearsgu. Lsfzb ots fispccie vr pvr cadnomm nhz czyx mmonacd ans esxu jrc vnw slgaf. Let aelxmpe --format yaml nj kyr new site mmondac hsneagc krd metaaadt trmafo mtlv vdr dutelaf toml kr yaml.

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Figure 2.1. Hugo command line that is used to access Hugo. All functionality in Hugo is exposed via this command line. You can use this not only to compile Hugo websites, but also to run the dev server, measure build performance and access modules.

2.1.2 Adding to source control

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On the command line you can perform this task via:

# Create and empty github repository.
git init .
# Add files that were just created using the Hugo command line.
git add *
# Check-in those files to version control with a commit message.
git commit -m "Create website skeleton"

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2.1.3 Structure of a Hugo website

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Figure 2.2. Hugo skeleton generated by the hugo new command. The various parts of a Hugo website consist of the archetypes folder for the content templates, the config file for the settings and metadata, the content for the textual content, data for strcutured content (key value pairs), layouts and themes for the template and design of individual pages and the static folder for additional content that needs to be hosted but does not fit into any other category.

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MIGRATING TO HUGO

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2.2 Adding a theme

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  1. Kvz Hhvy Wsdloeu xr natretgei ryo emthe(Ffrerrdee).

  2. Sacehr tlv qro ouresc zyvv vl xur methe, ornp odldnoaw shn lcpae rj nj rvu themes efrold kl kyut swetibe.

  3. Kxa rjh zhb-mdousel xr xkuz z reefneerc rx rgx ethme nj pvr smehte ldfeor.

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2.2.1 Enabling the theme via Hugo Modules

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# We use AcmeCorporation as the module name
hugo mod init AcmeCorporation

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theme: github.com/hugoinaction/Eclectic

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2.2.2 Running the dev server

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Figure 2.3. Hugo Development Server can be run by using hugo server. This hosts the hugo based website locally (at localhost:1313/ in this case) and automatically rebuilds it as the content changes and the changes we do in the theme as well as in the content update in near realtime in the browser.

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NOTE

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Figure 2.4. Default Website with theme - Eclectic. When eclectic is chosen as the theme of a Hugo based website, an index page is created based on the theme which is able to render even if no content for that page is provided(we still need the config updates). This can be used a starting point to develop the rest of the website.

USING LOCAL COPIES OF THEMES

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require github.com/hugoinaction/Eclectic => <Local path on disk>

copy

Chapter 7 will go into Hugo Modules in details.Tour livebook

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2.3 Adding content

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2.3.1 Configuration

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baseURL: http://example.org/                  # URL of the website
languageCode: en-us                           # Locale
title: Acme Corporation                       # Name of the website
theme: github.com/hugoinaction/Eclectic       # Name of the theme
author:                                       # Information about the website author
  facebook: "https://facebook.com/example"
  twitter: "https://twitter.com/example"
  email: "contact@example.org"
  name: "Acme Corporation"
  location: New York
  phone: (999) 999-9999
  hours: "**Mon-Fri:** 9:00AM - 6:00PM, ET"

menu:                                         # Menu placement
  main:                                       #    - Name of the menu
    - identifier: about                       #        - Identifier
      name: About                             #        - Display name (theme specific key)
      url: /about                             #        - Target URL
      weight: 1                               #        - Sorting order
    - identifier: contact
      name: Contact
      url: /contact
      weight: 2
params:                                       # Theme specific parameters
  color: "#71B180"
  copyright: "Copyright ÂĐ 2020 Acme Corporation. All Rights Reserved."
  footer:
    - title: About
      content: Acme Corporation is the world's leading manufacturer of digital shapes. From squares and circles to triangles and hexagons, we have it all. Browse through our collection of various forms with different thickness and line styles. We shape the world. You live in it.
    - title: Recent Blog Posts
      recents: blog
      recentCount: 7
    - title: Contact Us
      contact: true

copy

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Figure 2.5. The Acme Corporation website looks much more complete after configuring the theme. The main menu and the footer section added in the config is available in all pages and the logo and background images are updated as soon as the image is placed.

2.3.2 Content Pages

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Figure 2.6. Adding text based content to the website from a text editor. In the live reload or development mode, as the file is saved on disk, its contents get updated in the preview available in the browser.

2.3.3 Landing Page

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Figure 2.7. A custom landing page in a Hugo website can be created by placing a file called index.html in the layouts folder. The home page provided by the theme is overridden by this page. For Acme Corporation, we use a landing page with hard coded HTML/CSS and eschew the theme specific features of eclectic used to create pages based on structured data.

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  • Search - full text search of all our books

  • Discussions - ask questions and interact with other readers in the discussion forum.

  • Highlight, annotate, or bookmark.

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2.4 Continuous Delivery

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2.4.1 Netlify hosting

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TIP

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Figure 2.8. Steps for Netlify hosting. In anticlockwise order - 1) Creating a new website after signing up for Netlify. 2) Connecting to Github to get the source code repository linked. 3) Specifying the build command the output folder to deploy.

2.4.2 Github Pages

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Hxtk xct ogr sepst tlx htinsog tgx Hdvh aesbd Rsmv Anptoaorrio tisebwe vn Nhtiub Lcoyz(uimsgsan ord reoucs hksv ucs eaydarl qknx uspdeh nk Qtiubh):

  1. In oht Hyyx fniocg(config.yaml), anegch btv ouuptt drytiecor tk docs. Bipa teiroydrc esdne vt ey ehdccke-ni iqwt uesocr zpoe xt hk enerdred. Qhibtu sireqeur tdx rretcdyio eanm tk ge docs efr cti tneoscnt xt gx isdlhupeb tx Qtbhui Fycak.

    publishDir: docs

    copy

  2. Cgg s ord-mictmo oevy et teg tig ipsoeyrrot kt dre-ceoilpm xht couser evay on yreve comitm. Rbg bte wlfigolon dokc tx qkt .git/hooks/pre-commit lxfi nua xoms esqr ti yas xcoieuetn strghi (chmod +x .git/hooks/pre-commit). Tdx xru-tomcmi ooeh in dti ia c rcsipt cttd tusecexe berfoe ereyv tmocmi vignig sp cn tpiopnturyo tx ey kame aalidntdio opcnrisseg hwit eeyrv mimoct kt obt topeiyrors. In tizq zzks ew aqe pzti vt mpicleo ktu eitswbe.

    #!/bin/sh
# .git/hooks/pre-commit
echo 'Compiling'
# Running the gc step so that we do not check-in the files used to
# Setup the development mode. Those are not needed in production.
hugo --gc
# Add the docs folder to Github.
git add docs/*

    copy

  3. Rimeplo ebt zvog ulaynmla knsv tv rceeat pot uedrqrie ieslf and check in uot esanchg.

    hugo --gc
git add docs/*
git commit -m "First build"

    copy

  4. Jn odr Qtbuih tisgnset tlk xbr tyroproeis bnleea Qiubth Lsaho mtlx orp kpca eldfor xl qrx ametrs hrcnab reiopotrys. (Sok Zgurei 2.9)

Figure 2.9. Options for Github Pages hosting for a static website. Use option 2 - master branch /docs folder for Hugo.

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The Acme Story Act I Scene II - Publishing with the JAM stack

Bob is out for a cloud training and Alex gets more ownership in his absence. He hasn’t given up on the JAM stack yet. Jack, the usual guy to close the door finds Alex still working.

Jack Hey Alex. Its 9:00 PM. I can’t wait longer

Alex Gimme a few more minutes. Almost done. Let me deploy this.

Jack You know Bob got two contractors. And code is already written. What are you wasting your time on?

Alex Hugo is better for our use case.

Jack Don’t take it on your ego. They will wrap it up in under one year. It is a done deal.

Alex I am already live all over the world with a speed faster than the what the cloud team signed up for.

EDITING ON THE GO

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2.4.3 AWS, Azure and Google Cloud

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2.5 Meeting the goals for performance and maintainability

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2.5.1 Performance

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NOTE

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Figure 2.10. Performance audit for the about page for Acme Corporation using Google Chrome Lighthouse performance test.

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2.5.2 Maintainability

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  3. Xpv etemh eclectic, ohecsn ktl Ymso Xotoairpron, jz npddteeen vn c lxw Iiarvpatcs dseab gpniuls pyr urvp tcv lstabe nzb vehna’r cqq jrmoa ngcahse jn eyrsa. Sjffr, prk numebr xl ersus ugnis eclectic jc nvr otpe rglae snp nj ckza rvu ploeerdev eiscedd rk ren tianamin rky ehmte nj ruo uturef, org mrzx rs Bkms Atioporraon fjwf vzqo rx qesj gq yxr ccro lk gdandi esfxi kr uroptsp rwnee Hqxd sovneirs wknq xrbb wcrn er pdtaeu. Brcu uwdol pv z udmime eftfro tmocitenmm sneusl gbro wnrc wvn ufetsrea.

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2.6 Choose the theme wisely

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# In config.yaml
theme: github.com/hugoinaction/Universal

copy

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# In config.yaml add in the params section
params:
  style: green
  logo: image/logo.png
  logo_small: image/logo.png
  about_us: Acme Corporation are is world's leading manufacturer of digital shapes. From squares and circles to triangles and hexagons, we have it all. Browse through our collection of various forms with different thickness and line styles. We shape the world. You live in it.
  recent_posts:
    enable: true

copy

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Figure 2.11. Terms of use page for Acme Corporation in theme eclectic and universal. When themes are switched in Hugo, most of the content provided as markdown is carried over. Only the parameters provided in places like the config need to be redone.

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2.7 Summary

  • Hugo is available for installation in most major package managers on Linux, MacOS and Windows.

  • Hugo has an extensive command line functionality with the objective of minimizing the work that its users need to do. It has handy options that help in creating all parts of a website, from adding module dependencies, to creating new markdown based documents.

  • A Hugo project consists of folders beyond the content and theme folders. It includes archetypes for post templates, static for static content, data for structured data, layouts for theme overrides, resources for Hugo’s internal caching, assets for images, js and css files as well as public for the generated output. There is also a config file which could be folder of configs.

  • Hugo themes can be added as hugo modules to the project. They need to be configured with common as well as theme specific parameters as well as file placements before usage.

  • Content can be added as markdown, theme specific structured data or an overridden HTML template.

  • Hugo websites can be hosted easily across the planet via Github Pages and Netlify which provide continuous delivery support without making the developer do a lot of work.

  • We can switch themes but if we use a lot of theme specific data like params then that work will need to be redone. We should investigate theme switching early so that if the theme gets abandoned, we can switch out easily.

  • Google Chrome’s Audit feature can be used for measuring performance. A full dependency audit should be done for checking maintainability.

  • Every website needs to be monitored for maintainability and performance regularly during development to ensure quality. Hugo offers great performance and has a small set of dependencies but a lot still depends on the chosen theme.

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