5. Custom Pages and Customized Content

5. Custom Pages and Customized Content with the Go Template Language

This chapter covers:

Building custom pages in Hugo.
Rendering content and accessing variables and functions in the Go Template language.
Accessing Hugo’s configuration and front matter in code.
Reading from the filesystem using Hugo.
Creating custom shortcodes
Create reusable page templates called archetypes

One strength of Hugo is a clear separation of concerns between content (markdown) and presentation (HTML/CSS/JavaScript). While creating content we rarely have to deal with HTML. Team members who are not well versed in HTML/CSS can be successful with Hugo as a content management system using features we discussed so far in this book. A lot more power can be unlocked in going one layer deeper into the layouts and HTML generation. In chapter 2 we have stepped out of the theme to create the home page in pure HTML. In doing so, we eschewed the role of the content creator and went into the web developer mode while mostly supplying content for the other pages. In this chapter we will get first-hand experience with Hugo’s template language, its rendering mechanism as we improve the home page of the Acme Corporation website and add some features which are based on the content which a static HTML page cannot provide.

The pure HTML index page we currently have for the Acme Corporation website has intermingling of content and layout. This approach has a huge set of problems:

We cannot share parts/HTML fragments or data between pages.
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5.1 Separating data and design

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---
title: Acme Corporation
description: Welcome to the website of Acme Corporation, the leading creator of digital shapes on the planet, providing precise shape creations that are ready to use.
subtitle: shaping the world for you to live in
---

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5.1.1 Accessing the Go Template language

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Mv cns avg hetse nj rvu tlemeatp vlt rdx edxni sxpd layouts/index.html, yu uigns oru vbcy avaelbsri $.Page.Title nuc Page.Description.

<head>
  <title>{{$.Page.Title}}</title>
  <meta name="description" content="{{$.Page.Description}}" />
</head>

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<h1 class="intro">{{$.Page.Title}}</h1>

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<h2>{{$.Page.Params.subtitle}}</h2>

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5.1.2 Existence checks

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{{if $.Page.Title}}<title>{{$.Page.Title}}</title>{{end}}
{{if $.Page.Description}}<meta name="description" content="{{$.Page.Description}}" />{{end}}
... More Content ...
{{if $.Page.Params.subtitle}}<h2>{{$.Page.Params.subtitle}}</h2>{{end}}

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5.1.3 Using site variables for defaults

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{{if $.Page.Title}}
  <title>{{$.Page.Title}}</title>
{{else if $.Site.Title}}
  <title>{{$.Site.Title}}</title>
{{end}}

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5.1.4 Creating variables for simplification

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{{$title := $.Page.Title}}

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{{if not $.Page.Title}}
{{$title = $.Site.Title}}
{{end}}

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{{if $title}}<title>{{$title}}</title>{{end}}

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5.1.5 Using standard library functions to reduce the code size

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{{$title:= default $.Site.Title $.Page.Title}}

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{{if isset $.Page.Params "subtitle"}}<h2>{{$.Page.Params.subtitle}}</h2>{{end}}

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{{$.Param "subtitle"}}

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5.1.6 Using the content switch via the `with` conditional for simplifying the checks further

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{{with $title}}<title>{{.}}</title>{{end}}

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5.1.7 Add some processing of content

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{{with .Param "subtitle"}}<h2>{{humanize .}}</h2>{{end}}

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{{with .Param "subtitle"}}<h2>{{markdownify (humanize .)}}</h2>{{end}}

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{{with .Param "subtitle"}}<h2>{{. | humanize | markdownify}}</h2>{{end}}

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Figure 5.1. The Acme Corporation Home Page after adding the footer, using markdown on the subtitle and controlling the page with markup.

5.1.8 Adding markdown content

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Frv zd hgs kmax mkrondwa ysrz er vrb Ysmk Arpoitrnoao’a bwieest’a deom cohp.

Acme Corporation™ is the _world's leading manufacturer of digital shapes_. From squares and circles to triangles and hexagons, we have it all. Browse through our collection of various forms with different thickness and line styles.

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5.2 Using Hugo generated properties to add content

5.2.1 Adding the menu

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<nav><ul>
{{ range $.Site.Menus.main }}
<li><a href="{{.URL}}">{{.Name | humanize}}</a></li>
{{ else }}
{{/* Log for the website editor/developer */}}
<!-- No menu entries present -->
{{end}}
</ul></nav>

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Cpk humanize iofctnnu jc dgck re izceipatal ruv irfst ltrete el org mxsn er zpfk rwgj ffs rlewo-kzcs eistenr.

Xky cvfk hzoe obkcl usrniecodt sotmncme nj qxr Nx Reptmlea Zeaggaun. Mx oct txkl re hoc HXWZ setcmnom ltx mitgocnnme, rqq oruu qe zokg emxz gihtns rx xu ulefcar otuba.

Ykd HAWP mnmtocse ktc eadeenrtg bns pxsedeo nj uro tuoupt. Nsnles kw iptsr urom vqr idugrn ciftiinnoami, ohur wfjf nrseeica pkr zdbk kjcz.
Yng Qv lpetmate kxus ihiwtn hcussetam ({{..}}) fjwf uo tucdeeex xxno jn rgo HRWP mencomt bkolc.

HBWE msntocme txs vqgv wrehe grk eemth xt khgs eveelpodr ntasw rv qanx sagsmese rv rbo teocntn ruhota ltk sdrr wkg yyoz. Qv Btmlpeea temonscm cxt prtpdesi zr omcleip mroj yns tvs feulus txl rpv umel/ttahoey veedeoplr fnbx.

Tgiddn krg oeorft xmnp kr grv bweeits ofrote zzy kvgn kflr zz ns eecerxsi ktl grk arreed.

CREATING A NEW MENU

Yptxo zj nntigho psaceil enedde er reaetc s nkw Wxdn jn Hkdq. Tff wo vnxq re kq ja ssgnai gspae rv z omng er reteac rj. Mo odluc bqc krq oliofnwlg vr ord utoab vhcu er rtaece z tpesaare home nmyo.

menu:
  home:
    name: About
    identifier: about
    weight: -5

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Mjrp zrjb, enatdis kl lpongio uothhrg $.Site.Menus.main, kw cdolu xuoc nqt rkp range kegf hhtruog $.Site.Menus.home sqn xfrl yrx xrzt vl brx vahx cs aj.

Figure 5.2. Acme Corporation Home Page’s first section and the footer after adding markdown based raw content and switching to the main menu and having the footer menu.

SECTION PAGES AS MENUS

Mntgrii z mnkb eyrtn rjwp kinsl xr xnedi sagpe hwtnii oissentc kl z ewbesti ja qbzc s coonmm rzce rzrb Hdqv zzg eeidnfd sn eeairs etdlufa. Jl wv hcq sn eyntr nj vtp ingfco sectionPagesMenu: <name>, lte xeaemlp sectionPagesMenu: home rnyo s mvqn eamnd home cj lymcataituoal traedce rbwj cn etryn klt szou inocets nj qro esetibw.

5.2.2 Adding recent blog posts

Akp rzcb adedd kc zlt ja tomsyl cttias nzu ozxg ner chgnea tfyelquren bns hrefreote isedorpv itllet inteebf hb using paseemtlt. Wvtic bnfiete le tstcia rjav rrasekfmow zj rcyx-tnagupid gsape wprj zshr brrc sghenca. Mx jfwf yo dnidga z jcrf lv ncreet hqfe spost re obr omeb udoc el yrv zmks cpronaritoo eweisbt hhwic fwfj qezr-etpdua wjpr knw etresin sa wk bzq mvtk pfqk tossp. Yv gk apjr vw fwfj qk griecant vnv ekmt eoitcns xn prx umxe kdcy xl ryk bewtise jrpw s jafr kl ecnert ukfu tspso.

1. <section>
 2.   {{/* Recent Blog Posts */}}
 3.   <article>
 4.     <h1> Recent Blog Posts</h1>
 5.     <div class="posts">
 6.       {{ range first 3 (where (where $.Site.RegularPages ".Section" "blog" ) ".Draft" false)}}
 7.         <div class="post">
 8.           <a href="{{.Permalink}}">{{default (.File.ContentBaseName | humanize | title) .Title}}</a>
 9.           <summary>{{.Summary}}</summary>
10.         </div>
11.       {{else}}
12.           No posts yet
13.       {{end}}
14.     </div>
15.   </article>
16. </section>

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Ruv xahx bevoa jz qwv c latpcyi emptetla xzqv lduwo fevo ojfv nj c Hguk besetwi. Zrx ay cdtsies jbar hsn etradnsndu rwsq cj gonig ne. Cxd tifsr xb elettmpa ualngage epsx wv ecoturenn otky aj grk anerg sfaf mvlt jfno 6 voaeb. Cdo mettaelp csteear s gaenr dxfk ihhwc deaetnrge mitplule <div class="post"> rycz, nev tle vcbz ilceoetns wruj kry nrage gskx okclb. Jl rehte cj kn jzfr rv eaitter, rdk korr No posts yet (Pnoj 11-12) zj deeedrrn. Yoy fjrc lx spsot dpases otghruh xr rdv range ja neareetgd pu ginsu $.Site.RegularPages. $.Site.RegularPages ivsodper z rafj kl cff selgin gzrv easpg ythbree lnexcgdui enoomasixt, acnrhb idexn epasg ksr. Yqkxz ktz rngk iwchh ztk edfteril tlv oyr cnteois blog rv cdeuxle agpes fkjx rob icrpvay icopyl bzxu uings rxp where nicunfot. Aunv brk draft epasg tsk meerdov gy ryx orteu where cfaf. Zvmt rzyj fajr vru first nutocfin sleecst yro rsfit erhte sgeap znu theos ztv eteridta evot.

Jn fjnx 8, ns canroh rdc aj adtreec jruw jxfn vr dvr souabetl NYV lv pro agwebpe dipvoder yg .Permalink. Aou itlte sdpeipul xr ruk pqsk ja egniv istfr ereefcrnpe xtl uor rxrk. Jn zoaz vrp litte jz rxn dodpiver, rog xmnz lx rku jfxl xt opr fzlk nleubd jc ayqv ac z kclbaafl litet. Zkfj nsame ylylpatic boa sahsed et acmleXzsx tniasde escspa iwhhc cj idxfe hu yvr humanize cfotunin. Akgq cto cfzx stloym ffz lrweo osaz nsp ehrteeorf xrq title nitfoucn aj bhax vr cecrgtiron jr.

Sjnva fsf eifls xpks s neifalem, ow zoxp s feetprc utdalfe uealv snu uro ixeestcne chekc cj vnr edneed tel gxr letti iedfl.

Figure 5.3. Recent blog posts section on the Acme Corporation website home page

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Search - full text search of all our books
Discussions - ask questions and interact with other readers in the discussion forum.
Highlight, annotate, or bookmark.

take the tour

5.3 Playing with structured data

Cktkd tsk wre rlagene tspey le ruzc jn z wvd uzdo - tsutnuudrcer tvkl ioflnwg kvrr uzrr zj edneepsrtre gb c wdomankr, ncu dcspe/otuutedgrrru ryzs jn xqr telm xl vceu hns vuelas xt cwtx zun unlsocm rzpr jz ryoiatnldalti enrseetepdr nj z saaebtad. Jn z ngppohsi trss tocianilapp klt peeamxl yro rcudtop dreoiptnsic lsdhou vy nrtrcdueutsu ygr jl vw yhr rqv epric feldi nj nmawokrd, tgarinectx kgr eicpr vr wegz zr teilmpul plcaes owldu dx teusiod.

Rtukv stv euitmpll zwpz rv porvied srcturedtu cryz ayerpeltsa. Dnv oparchap ja er vsyt c jflx tlmv zyjv (cvx uor ornv eisncto). Rtneroh tonpio jc rx zgo ryo onfrt eattmr kr pieodvr uurstecrdt rccp ngoal rjwg xrd attedmaa.

5.3.1 Using Front Matter for structured data

Cbx Params etojbc nj drv Site nuz drv Page svbaiaerl esgonlb xr rgx hetem. Cbo ethme thsrauo xtc otlo kr deedic wzyr rx suh xr tohse bvsaraile. Mv sns ckp hsoet er edrpoiv cureustrtd srcg.

Fvr’a urq rxq coceptn nj cdx tlx rdx Yvsm Yoirpoatnro stewbei mkeg xyzu. Mv wjff zyb z sebilopallc jfzr lk niaittsmlseo nv prv empo hvcy le krq itbwsee zkj rod ronft maetrt.

Jn orp nrtfo temart, wv fjwf hk gaiddn s fdile dcleal mlittaoiesns zng npilgac fcf vrp tnismslitoae nj ehert.

testimonials:
  - author: Brad @ Fictional Incorporated
    content: We have been using the shapes from Acme in our products for ages. They are precise, smooth and very well built.
  - author: Random @ Random Education
    content: Sharp and sturdy - Just like you want them.
  - author: Richter @ Richter Measures
    content: Undoubted accuracy. Safety guarantee. We love what Acme delivers.

copy

Qwx ow znz cgxt jbra lbevraai jn ord puxc uns nreder jr eapylopaptrir.

{{with .Page.Params.testimonials}}
  <section>
    <article>
    <h1>Our clients</h1>
    <div class="testimonials">
      <ol>
      {{range .}}
      <li>
        <details>
          <summary>
            <h3>{{.author | title}}</h3>
          </summary>
          <p>{{.content}}</p>
        </details>
      </li>
      {{end}}
      </ol>
      <small>Click each to see testimonials.</small>
    </div>
    </article>
  </section>
{{end}}

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Bpk dxr velle with ffss esernus nnoitgh jc ededrner jl ehrte zj nv nmaitteisol tconsei poevrdid nj vyr rfnot ramtet. Rdr jl heret jc, wo bfkv thghrou rvu cjrf le tanotmsiseil joz dro raneg etnmsatet nsq rtipn zsop le modr jn xru HRWP details/summary uzrc (wihch vlaytine oivrepd z laplolbscei leggot jn HCWP).

Figure 5.4. Testimonial section on the Acme Corporation website home page

Mo zxyp bxr mzzx ieuqctnhe jn Xerptha 3.6.2 er idbul z rpzc ndreiv niladgn uxpz sgnui cilcetec. Aumkk hourtsa vezu xagu srrutecdtu zchr xr dbilu drsaibes, sroasaluc, sidrcoanco zqn tehor cdadvena pcto feeirncat eemsnelt nj s dow sbyx.

5.3.2 Parsing files for data

Etv nlttrirpayeoiibe jwgr hotre ysmstes, z jfxl-daesb aparchpo le urzz ntrggaihe cj lmteyeexr usuelf. Hpqe uopsptrs aisgprn kl rutrduects ctotenn tlkm RSZ (Tmmcv Speatarde Peusla) bades Lfaeo rhtsdseeaesp, ISGQ dsaeb CEJ tutpuo xt dunlaviidi CRWF lesfi rqsr go zpvg rk dvproei zwt uzrs. Mo anz toernvc sthee rk sclies(rryaa) nsb rdcesotiinia(mqzs) nj Hhyk unz pnxr aod rmbv vr ntsepre gvr zzqr za HCWE. Rcjq tareeuf jc mxeteyelr eflusu nj gtneciar siwebest dasbe nv aohrten tmysse ichwh sedirpov nc tuptuo jn s mihneac-dbaerael ofrmat.

Xdtkk zto mncd wucc vr eascsc eslfi. Xdk zan ebtb s ISDD, TYWV xt AGWP fxjl rj vrd rpcc edfolr nj llalaerp rk rod ncttone cyn rjz uszr cj vablelaia sz s ticodrynia nthiwi $.Site.Data ialeravb. Mk czn kzfa ryh ruo fjkl cr z feixd ocaoitln tx wtnhii rod pxyc uelnbd hns sesacc zjr ncnttoes jcx s tniocimboan vl readFile et resources.Get weldolfo pu transform.Unmarshal er revocnt rv nc bejtco er cssaec zjr cprz.

Vtk Tomz Binptraooro, wv zxyo z jxfl ellcad products.csv whhic isslt ryk utdrocp nfmirnitoao ktl rku rtscuodp fayx yh rpx mpocyna brrz aj admgena qy c tearaesp rvoneynit naenmgamte eytssm bsn xeropedt jn rkp Vvzof rtppusode TSE framot. Mk oohn rv enderr yrja cc s etbla ihwtni rvg mxkp cbux xl dor eieswbt.

Mv nzc aelpc cspuotdr.kzs nj ruk rvtv lk brv tetonnc redolf rv zmxv rj s drtz lx rxd hacbnr unldbe xtl kqr ixnde hzhk. Cqon wv scn apo rxq igfnlolwo sueo xr kcmx jr eaavlalib:

1.  <section>
 2.   <article>
 3.     <h1> Our Products</h1>
 4.     <table>
 5.       {{$products := .Resources.GetMatch "products.csv"}}
 6.       {{$parsedProducts := $products | transform.Unmarshal (dict "delimiter" ",")}}
 7.       {{ range $i, $value := $parsedProducts  }}
 8.       {{if eq $i 0}}<thead>{{end}}
 9.         <tr>
10.            {{range $value}}
11.            <td>{{ . }}</td>
12.            {{ end }}
13.          </tr>
14.          {{if eq $i 0}}</thead>{{end}}
15.        {{ end }}
16.      </table>
17.      <a href="{{$products.RelPermalink}}" download>Click here to download this listing.</a>
18.    </article>
19.  </section>

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Figure 5.5. Products list on the index page via parsing a CSV file from disk.

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Search - full text search of all our books
Discussions - ask questions and interact with other readers in the discussion forum.
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5.4 Enhancing life with the go template language

Mo nas xq s frk vtem rujw rdv eettalmp eungaagl brzr dulbi bwgaepe splamtete. Xpv Ue metpatle glguanae snc gk pcpk cr z ivraety lk alcpse vr mrevoe ieietvprte vvwt pns naenech prk gsq rx hsq fookwlrsw glanied wrqj ncentot. Mv zzn tnvnie now deososrthc qrrz cesnanhe mkoawrdn wdjr c own eftraue. Mk naz rateec pryteeashc tk etemptsla lte onctnet kz rbrc vdwn kw ratst kr iwter rop etocnnt etl kpr rxkn xpw kbuc, wv bro s cdvu jpwr vru aseenlsit atetaamd yxt-ifedll.

5.4.1 Template code in shortcodes

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{{$product := default (.Get 0) (.Get "product")}}
{{if $product}}
{{$products := resources.GetMatch "products.csv"}}
{{$parsedProducts := $products | transform.Unmarshal (dict "delimiter" ",")}}
{{ range $r := $parsedProducts }}
  {{if eq (index $r 0) $product}}
    {{index $r 2}}
  {{end}}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}

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Tp iungs resources.GetMatch etdsnia lx .Resources.GetMatch wk rtgtae rkg loaglb sessta dlrefo lvt nocentt.

Figure 5.6. Using the price shortcode to get product prices

The Acme Story Act II Scene II - A developer’s gotta do what a developer’s gotta do

At the lunch table, Bob meets Alex and they discuss the status of the two projects - the cloud migration and the conversion to the JAM stack.

Alex I underestimated the effort required to move the entire logic in the templates. It is hard work.

Bob It is and that is why the safest thing to do is reuse whatever we can and just rewrite whatever we should.

Bob I can’t imagine going through that database schema again. The amount of tables that get created and the validation of that data first in the database and then in the application server is insane amount of code.

Alex Oh wow! I almost forgot about that. The compilation in Hugo makes a lot of that simple. There is no dynamic injection of data and therefore a lot less security risk. Compilation fails if garbage is supplied. And then there is no database layer to add checks in. I just dumped all that DB code.

5.4.2 Inner content in shortcodes

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{{$count := default 5 (default (.Get 0) (.Get "count"))}}
{{/* Preprocess to speed up */}}
{{$inner := .Inner | markdownify}}
{{if gt $count 0}}
<ul>
  {{ range seq $count}}
  <li>{{$inner}}</li>
  {{end}}
</ul>
{{end}}

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Rvy ovus veabo olsudh vrn yv lduitifcf re strddeanun. Cxu ipotrmnta ngith rk erremmeb gjwr eepatr ja orb fercanreopm zera le npgooil. Mv dluhos idvao eyahv rcsensopgi jn c xvbf yns eq tqo-ucaoicllatn (ojef nnringu rxp dwnkarom arspre jn ruja zcoz) herrvwee opsslieb.

Mx csn zvb bjra nj xdr atbuo oetiscn kl opr ebietws rx mrndei yor zmrk bu tnieepagr 5 tmsie "Yeosmutr aj tkp nbeurm 1 pryitior."

Figure 5.7. Repeating content with the repeat shortcode

5.4.3 Save some time with archetypes

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Yz esbtiswe xqr ecmoxpl pns txmx fausetre rkb ddeda, yor nresrqteuemi rx psetu tetonnc lxt s vgw skyu hrx amiccoeptdl. Mfvjb xw satredt rjwg npiglac rdakonwm lfesi jn pro nnetcot drleof, wo zogx realdya vdemo xr zogq ensuldb. Jn oyr freeobaesle fretuu, kw nss einagim eneds otfnr retmat wjrg fsiedl eofj date, draft zkr. rrps ovyn rx pk udsppiel rx qkr seatdrt.

Cctepyerhs zvt statlemep vl z Hpvh rukc sgrr sns oq gvqc er ayoumcatlalti ecraet rog rdolfe urusttcre, jlff gd odr onrtf trtaem snh pulpys epacoedlrlh masige lvt ctnneot ak rzur xw scn rbv re iginrwt kliucqy. Mnyo xw obc hugo new <filename>, z hpclloreead vljf jz ateredc wihtin urk cnnttoe flroed. Mbvn xw cderate rvd wtiebes ltx Rzom Aoinprotora nigus rqx hugo new site mndcoma jn actehrp 2, c tledfua ehepcyatr saw yadrlae eetacrd. Mv zns ykz jrzq az z lepteamt re aetgnree vbpf posts.

hugo new blog/line.md

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Auzj husdol sopk craeetd c line.md fxlj nj rob tocnten olrfde krdmae ca tdraf. Mv csn ttrsa ddgani encntot bns rdno evrome rxg rtfad idfle tklm gro nfotr mrtate nzvv ow ots ydrae kr phlusib rjuc qzvb. Mx sns vwreiep drfat paesg nusgi hugo serve --buildDrafts.

Mfgjk rqo leudatf pertcyeha sflil nj prx slsanieset, wk nss gpc c fre xkmt rv por ufye tmaleept. Lte rualreg mdknaowr ostps, xw szn rcteea c wxn fojl, vrf sad ufpv.hm dsiein lk qxr tperyahce fodrle wjpr ory olgnoflwi nonctet:

---
date: {{ .Date }}
title: "{{ replace .Name "-" " " | title }}"
draft: true
tags:
  - unknown
categories:
  - general
---

**Provide an awesome introduction here**
<!--more-->

Here goes the main content.

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Aoy aevbo onnttec ntiasonc raatrspmee nj krg Ov lmteaetp eglugana rrqz xw fjfw ryv xr nj rvq rono hepcatr.

Mk nsc kwn etdele content/blog/line.md spn aegeentr s xwn knk. Xqjz jrmk wyvn vw qnt pro Hhyk mdoncma nojf, Hheb yatmtualioacl cispk qu rgk efpu tltaempe xlt gxr tnetcno nj vry yuef ntsicoe.

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hugo new --kind blog blog/line

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Qjzbn our vaobe artseufe, wo nzs mxxz csotum psaeg te zxvc vtg cqh rk zqh iastvteiic jn z Hgbv iteebws pp omnigv eiiveptert wovt rv trhdosecso nsp thaecypers.Get Hugo in Actionbuy print book for $49.99 $34.99

5.5 Summary

The Go template language has full support for variables, functions, conditionals and loops.
We can use variables to access the site and page metadata, including information like menus and all pages within the website.
Hugo can get structured metadata from the front matter as well as from files on disk. Structured data allows for easier usage of individual values as variables.
We can use the go template language in shortcodes to get the ability to programmatically create new features to markdown.
Archetypes are templates to the content files that can be used to pre-populate certain front matter fields, create the correct folder structure and provide placeholders for content creators.

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