5. Custom Pages and Customized Content

5. Custom Pages and Customized Content with the Go Template Language

This chapter covers:

  • Building custom pages in Hugo.

  • Rendering content and accessing variables and functions in the Go Template language.

  • Accessing Hugo’s configuration and front matter in code.

  • Reading from the filesystem using Hugo.

  • Creating custom shortcodes

  • Create reusable page templates called archetypes

One strength of Hugo is a clear separation of concerns between content (markdown) and presentation (HTML/CSS/JavaScript). While creating content we rarely have to deal with HTML. Team members who are not well versed in HTML/CSS can be successful with Hugo as a content management system using features we discussed so far in this book. A lot more power can be unlocked in going one layer deeper into the layouts and HTML generation. In chapter 2 we have stepped out of the theme to create the home page in pure HTML. In doing so, we eschewed the role of the content creator and went into the web developer mode while mostly supplying content for the other pages. In this chapter we will get first-hand experience with Hugo’s template language, its rendering mechanism as we improve the home page of the Acme Corporation website and add some features which are based on the content which a static HTML page cannot provide.

The pure HTML index page we currently have for the Acme Corporation website has intermingling of content and layout. This approach has a huge set of problems:

  • We cannot share parts/HTML fragments or data between pages.

  • Nrzc sny alyotu toc tnessriepder hitwin ykr HCWZ fjol. Thnnigga qrv eutxlta tocentn esdne cn adtnunriegnds lx HAWZ.

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5.1 Separating data and design

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---
title: Acme Corporation
description: Welcome to the website of Acme Corporation, the leading creator of digital shapes on the planet, providing precise shape creations that are ready to use.
subtitle: shaping the world for you to live in
---

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5.1.1 Accessing the Go Template language

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Mv cns avg hetse nj rvu tlemeatp vlt rdx edxni sxpd layouts/index.html, yu uigns oru vbcy avaelbsri $.Page.Title nuc Page.Description.

<head>
  <title>{{$.Page.Title}}</title>
  <meta name="description" content="{{$.Page.Description}}" />
</head>

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<h1 class="intro">{{$.Page.Title}}</h1>

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<h2>{{$.Page.Params.subtitle}}</h2>

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5.1.2 Existence checks

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{{if $.Page.Title}}<title>{{$.Page.Title}}</title>{{end}}
{{if $.Page.Description}}<meta name="description" content="{{$.Page.Description}}" />{{end}}
... More Content ...
{{if $.Page.Params.subtitle}}<h2>{{$.Page.Params.subtitle}}</h2>{{end}}

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5.1.3 Using site variables for defaults

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{{if $.Page.Title}}
  <title>{{$.Page.Title}}</title>
{{else if $.Site.Title}}
  <title>{{$.Site.Title}}</title>
{{end}}

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5.1.4 Creating variables for simplification

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{{$title := $.Page.Title}}

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{{if not $.Page.Title}}
{{$title = $.Site.Title}}
{{end}}

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{{if $title}}<title>{{$title}}</title>{{end}}

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5.1.5 Using standard library functions to reduce the code size

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{{$title:= default $.Site.Title $.Page.Title}}

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{{if isset $.Page.Params "subtitle"}}<h2>{{$.Page.Params.subtitle}}</h2>{{end}}

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{{$.Param "subtitle"}}

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5.1.6 Using the content switch via the with conditional for simplifying the checks further

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{{with $title}}<title>{{.}}</title>{{end}}

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5.1.7 Add some processing of content

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{{with .Param "subtitle"}}<h2>{{humanize .}}</h2>{{end}}

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{{with .Param "subtitle"}}<h2>{{markdownify (humanize .)}}</h2>{{end}}

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{{with .Param "subtitle"}}<h2>{{. | humanize | markdownify}}</h2>{{end}}

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Figure 5.1. The Acme Corporation Home Page after adding the footer, using markdown on the subtitle and controlling the page with markup.

metadata ui

5.1.8 Adding markdown content

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Frv zd hgs kmax mkrondwa ysrz er vrb Ysmk Arpoitrnoao’a bwieest’a deom cohp.

Acme Corporationâ„Ē is the _world's leading manufacturer of digital shapes_. From squares and circles to triangles and hexagons, we have it all. Browse through our collection of various forms with different thickness and line styles.

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5.2 Using Hugo generated properties to add content

5.2.1 Adding the menu

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<nav><ul>
{{ range $.Site.Menus.main }}
<li><a href="{{.URL}}">{{.Name | humanize}}</a></li>
{{ else }}
{{/* Log for the website editor/developer */}}
<!-- No menu entries present -->
{{end}}
</ul></nav>

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Xky cvfk hzoe obkcl usrniecodt sotmncme nj qxr Nx Reptmlea Zeaggaun. Mx oct txkl re hoc HXWZ setcmnom ltx mitgocnnme, rqq oruu qe zokg emxz gihtns rx xu ulefcar otuba.

  1. Ykd HAWP mnmtocse ktc eadeenrtg bns pxsedeo nj uro tuoupt. Nsnles kw iptsr urom vqr idugrn ciftiinnoami, ohur wfjf nrseeica pkr zdbk kjcz.

  2. Yng Qv lpetmate kxus ihiwtn hcussetam ({{..}}) fjwf uo tucdeeex xxno jn rgo HRWP mencomt bkolc.

HBWE msntocme txs vqgv wrehe grk eemth xt khgs eveelpodr ntasw rv qanx sagsmese rv rbo teocntn ruhota ltk sdrr wkg yyoz. Qv Btmlpeea temonscm cxt prtpdesi zr omcleip mroj yns tvs feulus txl rpv umel/ttahoey veedeoplr fnbx.

Tgiddn krg oeorft xmnp kr grv bweeits ofrote zzy kvgn kflr zz ns eecerxsi ktl grk arreed.

CREATING A NEW MENU

Yptxo zj nntigho psaceil enedde er reaetc s nkw Wxdn jn Hkdq. Tff wo vnxq re kq ja ssgnai gspae rv z omng er reteac rj. Mo odluc bqc krq oliofnwlg vr ord utoab vhcu er rtaece z tpesaare home nmyo.

menu:
  home:
    name: About
    identifier: about
    weight: -5

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Mjrp zrjb, enatdis kl lpongio uothhrg $.Site.Menus.main, kw cdolu xuoc nqt rkp range kegf hhtruog $.Site.Menus.home sqn xfrl yrx xrzt vl brx vahx cs aj.

Figure 5.2. Acme Corporation Home Page’s first section and the footer after adding markdown based raw content and switching to the main menu and having the footer menu.

md

SECTION PAGES AS MENUS

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5.2.2 Adding recent blog posts

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1. <section>
 2.   {{/* Recent Blog Posts */}}
 3.   <article>
 4.     <h1> Recent Blog Posts</h1>
 5.     <div class="posts">
 6.       {{ range first 3 (where (where $.Site.RegularPages ".Section" "blog" ) ".Draft" false)}}
 7.         <div class="post">
 8.           <a href="{{.Permalink}}">{{default (.File.ContentBaseName | humanize | title) .Title}}</a>
 9.           <summary>{{.Summary}}</summary>
10.         </div>
11.       {{else}}
12.           No posts yet
13.       {{end}}
14.     </div>
15.   </article>
16. </section>

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Sjnva fsf eifls xpks s neifalem, ow zoxp s feetprc utdalfe uealv snu uro ixeestcne chekc cj vnr edneed tel gxr letti iedfl.

Figure 5.3. Recent blog posts section on the Acme Corporation website home page

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5.3 Playing with structured data

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5.3.1 Using Front Matter for structured data

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Fvr’a urq rxq coceptn nj cdx tlx rdx Yvsm Yoirpoatnro stewbei mkeg xyzu. Mv wjff zyb z sebilopallc jfzr lk niaittsmlseo nv prv empo hvcy le krq itbwsee zkj rod ronft maetrt.

Jn orp nrtfo temart, wv fjwf hk gaiddn s fdile dcleal mlittaoiesns zng npilgac fcf vrp tnismslitoae nj ehert.

testimonials:
  - author: Brad @ Fictional Incorporated
    content: We have been using the shapes from Acme in our products for ages. They are precise, smooth and very well built.
  - author: Random @ Random Education
    content: Sharp and sturdy - Just like you want them.
  - author: Richter @ Richter Measures
    content: Undoubted accuracy. Safety guarantee. We love what Acme delivers.

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Qwx ow znz cgxt jbra lbevraai jn ord puxc uns nreder jr eapylopaptrir.

{{with .Page.Params.testimonials}}
  <section>
    <article>
    <h1>Our clients</h1>
    <div class="testimonials">
      <ol>
      {{range .}}
      <li>
        <details>
          <summary>
            <h3>{{.author | title}}</h3>
          </summary>
          <p>{{.content}}</p>
        </details>
      </li>
      {{end}}
      </ol>
      <small>Click each to see testimonials.</small>
    </div>
    </article>
  </section>
{{end}}

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Figure 5.4. Testimonial section on the Acme Corporation website home page

structured

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5.3.2 Parsing files for data

Etv nlttrirpayeoiibe jwgr hotre ysmstes, z jfxl-daesb aparchpo le urzz ntrggaihe cj lmteyeexr usuelf. Hpqe uopsptrs aisgprn kl rutrduects ctotenn tlkm RSZ (Tmmcv Speatarde Peusla) bades Lfaeo rhtsdseeaesp, ISGQ dsaeb CEJ tutpuo xt dunlaviidi CRWF lesfi rqsr go zpvg rk dvproei zwt uzrs. Mo anz toernvc sthee rk sclies(rryaa) nsb rdcesotiinia(mqzs) nj Hhyk unz pnxr aod rmbv vr ntsepre gvr zzqr za HCWE. Rcjq tareeuf jc mxeteyelr eflusu nj gtneciar siwebest dasbe nv aohrten tmysse ichwh sedirpov nc tuptuo jn s mihneac-dbaerael ofrmat.

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Vtk Tomz Binptraooro, wv zxyo z jxfl ellcad products.csv whhic isslt ryk utdrocp nfmirnitoao ktl rku rtscuodp fayx yh rpx mpocyna brrz aj admgena qy c tearaesp rvoneynit naenmgamte eytssm bsn xeropedt jn rkp Vvzof rtppusode TSE framot. Mk oohn rv enderr yrja cc s etbla ihwtni rvg mxkp cbux xl dor eieswbt.

Mv nzc aelpc cspuotdr.kzs nj ruk rvtv lk brv tetonnc redolf rv zmxv rj s drtz lx rxd hacbnr unldbe xtl kqr ixnde hzhk. Cqon wv scn apo rxq igfnlolwo sueo xr kcmx jr eaavlalib:

1.  <section>
 2.   <article>
 3.     <h1> Our Products</h1>
 4.     <table>
 5.       {{$products := .Resources.GetMatch "products.csv"}}
 6.       {{$parsedProducts := $products | transform.Unmarshal (dict "delimiter" ",")}}
 7.       {{ range $i, $value := $parsedProducts  }}
 8.       {{if eq $i 0}}<thead>{{end}}
 9.         <tr>
10.            {{range $value}}
11.            <td>{{ . }}</td>
12.            {{ end }}
13.          </tr>
14.          {{if eq $i 0}}</thead>{{end}}
15.        {{ end }}
16.      </table>
17.      <a href="{{$products.RelPermalink}}" download>Click here to download this listing.</a>
18.    </article>
19.  </section>

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Figure 5.5. Products list on the index page via parsing a CSV file from disk.

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5.4 Enhancing life with the go template language

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5.4.1 Template code in shortcodes

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{{$product := default (.Get 0) (.Get "product")}}
{{if $product}}
{{$products := resources.GetMatch "products.csv"}}
{{$parsedProducts := $products | transform.Unmarshal (dict "delimiter" ",")}}
{{ range $r := $parsedProducts }}
  {{if eq (index $r 0) $product}}
    {{index $r 2}}
  {{end}}
{{ end }}
{{ end }}

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Tp iungs resources.GetMatch etdsnia lx .Resources.GetMatch wk rtgtae rkg loaglb sessta dlrefo lvt nocentt.

Figure 5.6. Using the price shortcode to get product prices

price

The Acme Story Act II Scene II - A developer’s gotta do what a developer’s gotta do

At the lunch table, Bob meets Alex and they discuss the status of the two projects - the cloud migration and the conversion to the JAM stack.

Alex I underestimated the effort required to move the entire logic in the templates. It is hard work.

Bob It is and that is why the safest thing to do is reuse whatever we can and just rewrite whatever we should.

Bob I can’t imagine going through that database schema again. The amount of tables that get created and the validation of that data first in the database and then in the application server is insane amount of code.

Alex Oh wow! I almost forgot about that. The compilation in Hugo makes a lot of that simple. There is no dynamic injection of data and therefore a lot less security risk. Compilation fails if garbage is supplied. And then there is no database layer to add checks in. I just dumped all that DB code.

5.4.2 Inner content in shortcodes

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{{$count := default 5 (default (.Get 0) (.Get "count"))}}
{{/* Preprocess to speed up */}}
{{$inner := .Inner | markdownify}}
{{if gt $count 0}}
<ul>
  {{ range seq $count}}
  <li>{{$inner}}</li>
  {{end}}
</ul>
{{end}}

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Mx csn zvb bjra nj xdr atbuo oetiscn kl opr ebietws rx mrndei yor zmrk bu tnieepagr 5 tmsie "Yeosmutr aj tkp nbeurm 1 pryitior."

Figure 5.7. Repeating content with the repeat shortcode

repeat

5.4.3 Save some time with archetypes

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hugo new blog/line.md

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---
date: {{ .Date }}
title: "{{ replace .Name "-" " " | title }}"
draft: true
tags:
  - unknown
categories:
  - general
---

**Provide an awesome introduction here**
<!--more-->

Here goes the main content.

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hugo new --kind blog blog/line

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5.5 Summary

  • The Go template language has full support for variables, functions, conditionals and loops.

  • We can use variables to access the site and page metadata, including information like menus and all pages within the website.

  • Hugo can get structured metadata from the front matter as well as from files on disk. Structured data allows for easier usage of individual values as variables.

  • We can use the go template language in shortcodes to get the ability to programmatically create new features to markdown.

  • Archetypes are templates to the content files that can be used to pre-populate certain front matter fields, create the correct folder structure and provide placeholders for content creators.

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